Abstract: The wake flow characteristic is the key factor to the metrological performance of multi-hole orificeflowmeter. In order to investigate the influence of chamfer on wake flow characteristics and optimize the structure ofmulti-hole orifice,
the wake flow field of multi-hole orifice with front and back chamfers,
throttle ratio 0. 67 andDN100 is calculated by CFD technology,
the influence rule of front and back chamfers on multi-orifice metrologicalperformance is revealed in this paper. The conclusion can be drawn that front chamfer is the key factor to reducethe permanent pressure loss,
but unable to improve the measurement accuracy. Compared to standard orifice withthe same throttle ratio,
the permanent pressure loss of multi-hole orifice with front chamfer within the scope of30° - 60° was reduced by 50% ,
discharge coefficient linearity error decreases as the front chamfer’s angle increa-ses,
eventually closes to linearity error of multi-hole orifice flowmeter with 0° front chamfer. Within the scope of45° - 60°,
back chamfer has a better effect on the flow field adjustment,
thus the scope of range is broadened andthe measurement accuracy is improved. It follows that the metrological performance of the multi-hole orifice with60° front chamfer and 45° - 60° back chamfer is improved obviously.
1、引 言: 傳統(tǒng)差壓式流量計(jì)雖然具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、價(jià)格低廉、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)豐富、實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但是只有在符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的技術(shù)條件下,才能準(zhǔn)確地測量流量。在工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,很多工況條件無法滿足測量要求,例如雷諾數(shù)低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的雷諾數(shù)范圍、測量介質(zhì)復(fù)雜等。在這些情況下,非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差壓式流量計(jì)就顯示出它的優(yōu)越性,目前具有代表性非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差壓式流量計(jì)主要是錐形流量計(jì)和多孔孔板流量計(jì)。錐形流量計(jì)具有自清潔、自整流、量程范圍寬、精度高、壓損低、前后直管段短等有優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用,并且國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織( ISO) 正在制定代號(hào)為 ISO 5167-5 的錐形流量計(jì)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2004年,美國馬歇爾航空飛行中心發(fā)明了多孔孔板流量計(jì),該流量計(jì)不但具有錐形流量計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安全性高,在國際上引起關(guān)注,在中國廣泛應(yīng)用。
2006 年,Kelly 等在第 61 屆制造業(yè)儀表研討會(huì)上首次介紹了 A + Flow Te K 多孔孔板流量計(jì)的性能指標(biāo),但由于商業(yè)機(jī)密,該流量計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、流出系數(shù)和可膨脹系數(shù)計(jì)算公式未公開報(bào)道。為了掌握多孔孔板流量計(jì)的核心技術(shù),國內(nèi)科研技術(shù)人員開始對(duì)該流量計(jì)進(jìn)行研究。于杰[1]、馬太義[2]、王慧峰[3]對(duì)多孔孔板流量計(jì)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,研究結(jié)果表明該流量計(jì)的計(jì)量性能遠(yuǎn)高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)孔板。趙天怡等人[4-6]對(duì)特定節(jié)流孔布局方式的多孔孔板的局部阻力系數(shù)及影響該系數(shù)的關(guān)鍵因素進(jìn)行研究。文獻(xiàn)[7]利用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究了節(jié)流孔分布、孔板厚度、以及擾動(dòng)對(duì)多孔孔板的流出系數(shù) C 的影響。
2010 年至2017年,天津大學(xué)對(duì)多孔孔板流量計(jì)進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作,主要成果如下: 利用 CFD 數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測多孔孔板流量計(jì)內(nèi)部流場[8-9]; 研究結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)計(jì)量性能的影響,確定了合理的節(jié)流孔布局方式[10]; 基于射流的卷吸效應(yīng),利用回流通量建立了計(jì)量性能與微觀流場之間的關(guān)系,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)多孔孔板流量計(jì)的優(yōu)化[11]。上述研究成果均是在節(jié)流孔無倒角的情況下取得的,計(jì)量性能沒有達(dá)到 A + Flow Te K 的性能指標(biāo),但是在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),倒角對(duì)多孔孔板流量計(jì)的壓力損失和計(jì)量精度均有較大影響,國內(nèi)外尚無關(guān)于孔倒角對(duì)多孔孔板計(jì)量性能影響的文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,因此,本文利用CFD 技術(shù)揭示前后孔倒角對(duì)多孔孔板流量計(jì)尾流流動(dòng)特性的影響規(guī)律,從而優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)、進(jìn)一步提高計(jì)量性能。